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考点二十四 独立主格

一、独立主格结构的构成

（1）逻辑主语 +现在分词

The moon appearing，they decided to go on with their journey.

（2）逻辑主语 +过去分词

The job finished, we went home.

（3）逻辑主语 +不定式

His mother to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.

（4）逻辑主语 +形容词或副词

He turned to me, his eyes sleepy.

The music on, I can’t focus my mind on the work.

（5）逻辑主语 + 名词

Many people come to visit the city, most of them foreigners.

（6）逻辑主语 +介词短语

A girl came in, book in hand.

（7）There being +名词（代词）

There being no bus, we had to walk home.

（8）It being +名词（代词）

It being Christmas, the government offices were closed.

（9）with/without复合结构

“with/without复合结构”是指“with +宾语（名词或代词）+ 非谓语动词（分词、不定式）、介词短语、形容词或副词等”所构成的一种介词短语。

With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy. （with + 宾语 +形容词）

With her sister out, she had to stay at home alone. （with + 宾语 +副词）

He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. （with + 宾语 +介词短语）

With his homework done, Peter went out to play. （with + 宾语 +过去分词）

二、独立主格结构的功能

①作时间状语（相当于一个时间状语从句）

My shoes removed, I entered the ancient temple.(=After my shoes were removed)

②作条件状语（相当于一个条件状语从句）

Weather permitting, we are going to have a picnic tomorrow. (If weather permits)

③作原因状语（相当于一个原因状语从句）

All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.(=As all our savings were gone)

④作伴随状语

He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head. (= and his hands were crossed under his head)

⑤作补充说明

A hunter came in, his face red with cold. (= and his face was red with cold)

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